180-degree turn on the spot, without moving the feet (hip only); also called Tenkai.

1. shoulder; 2. predetermined sequence of movements (practice form)

Wrist

Breath power of impulse cry: sharp and loud yell to focus energy (usually when striking in an attack).

Basic aikido techniques (grading curriculum)

(Exercises for) connecting the ki between the partners

Standing up from kneeling position (seiza). This movement is practised to exercise posture, balance and focus.

Partner exercise: sword against sword